注释（1/2）

引言：健康危机

[1] ilobal health（2015）；3（3）：e132 doi：101016/s2214-109x（14）70381-xdietary ality a n and won 187untries 1990 and 2010：a systeatic assessnt

[2] pietil&228;en，kh，t j obes（ ake you fat？a study

[3] ochner，cn，ncet diabetes endocrol（11 feb 2015）；pii：s2213-8587（15）00009-1doi：101016/s2213-8587（15）00009-1treatg obesity serioly：when reical adaptations

[4] goldacre，b，bad science（fourth estate，2008）；

第一章　标签上没有的成分：微生物

[5] fernández，l，phar and potential roles health and disease

[6] aagaard，k，sci transl d（21 ay 2014）；6（237）：237ra65the pcenta harbors a unie icrobio

[7] funkhoer，lj，plos biol（2013）；11（8）：e1001631o knows best：the universality of aternal icrobial transission

[8] koren，o，cell（3 aug 2012）；150（3）：470–80host re pregnancy

[9] hansen，ch，gut boratory ut icrobiota and host iunity an early‘ of opportunity’

[10] http：//britishgut and http：//a

[11] afshnekoo，e，cels（2015）；http：//dxdoi/101016/jcels2015010012015ospatial retion of huenoics

第二章　能量与热量

[12] kavanagh，k，obesity（jul 2007）；15（7）：1675–84trans fat diet duces abdoes sul sensitivity onkeys

[13] novotny，ja，a 2012）；96（2）：296–301discrepancy beeen the aater factor predicted and ey vaes of alonds huan diets

[14] bleich，sn，a j prev es cha restaurant nu ite

[15] sun，l，physiol behav（feb 2015）；139：505–10the ilyceic response healthy adults

[16] sacks，fi of dietary carbohydrate and sul sensitivity：the onicarb rct

[17] bouchard，c，n engl j -ter identical s

[18] saaras，k，j cl endocrol eic factors detere the aount and distribution of fat won after the nopae

[19] stubbe，jh，plos one（20 dec 2006）；1：e22ic fences on exercise participation 37051 pairs fro seven untries

[20] neel，jv，ae（dec 1962）；14：353–62diabetes ress’？

[21] ng，b，j ath biol（2007）54：27–43dynaics of starvation huans

[22] speakenes for obesity：the‘drifty ne’hypothesis

[23] speaky（ical regution，then how e we have an obesity epideic？

[24] tel，l，j appl physiol（1985）（ar 2011）；110（3）：681–6asciations beeen sports participation，cardiorespiratory f tness，and adiposity young adult s

[25] ogden，cl，jaa（26 feb 2014）；311（8）：806–14prevalence of childhood and adult obesity the united states，2011–12

[26] rokhol off of the obesity epideic sce the year 1999–a review of evidence and perspectives

[27] lee，rj，j cl vest（3 ute huan upper respiratory nate iunity

[28] negri，r，j pediatr gastroenterol nutr（ay 2012）；54（5）：624–9taste perception and food choices

[29] keskitalo，k，a estionnaire，body ass dex，and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods：a study of ic and environntal asciations

[30] fhan，aa，curr biol（11 aug 2009）；19（15）：1288–9allelic polyorphis with the tas1r3 prooter is asciated with huan taste sensitivity to sucrose

[31] nnel，ja，plos one（2014）；9（3）：e92201preferences for salty and sweet tastes are elevated and reted to each other durg childhood

[32] osley，，fast exercise（atria books，2013）

[33] stubbe，jh，plos one（20 dec 2006）；1：e22ic fences on exercise participation 37，051 pairs fro seven untries

[34] den hoed，，a j cl nutr（nov 2013）；98（5）：1317–25heritability of objectively assessed daily physical activity and sedentary behavior

[35] archer，e，ayo cl proc（dec 2013）；88（12）：1368–77aternal activity：45-year trends others’e of ti

[36] gast，g-c，t j obes（2007）；31：515–20tra-national variation trends overweight and leisure ti physical activities the hernds sce 1980：stratif cation aordg to sex，a and urbanisation degree

[37] westerterp，kr，t j obes（aug 2008）；32（8）：1256–63physical activity energy expenditure has not decled sce the 1980s and y expenditures of wild aals

[38] spector，td，bj（5 ay 1990）；300（6733）：1173–4trends adnd and wales，1968–85

[39] hall，kd，ncet（27 aug 2011）；378（9793）：826–37antifcation of the effect of energy iht

[40] williag exercise levels on weight and a-reted weight ga

[41] hall，kd，ncet（27 aug 2011）；378（9793）：826–37antifcation of the effect of energy iht

[42] turner，je，a j cl nutr（nov 2010）；92（5）：1009–16nonprescribed physical activity energy expenditure is ataed with structured exercise and iy take

[43] strasser，b，ann ny acad sci（apr 2013）；1281：141–59physical activity obesity and tabolic syndro

[44] do-terical terventions obese adults：systeatic review and ta-analyses of randoised ntrolled trials

[45] ekend，u，a j cl nutr（14 jan 2015）activity and all-cae ortality across levels of overall and abdoal adiposity european ation to cancer and nutrition study

[46] haer，v，diabetes care（nov 2009）；32 suppl 2：s392fat or ft：what is ore iportant？

[47] folhol，，obes rev（ar 2010）；11（3）：202–21physical activity，fitness and fatness：retions to ortality，orbidity and disease risk factors

[48] viloria，，ia levels and lyphocyte unt oe teste

[49] atsuoto， exercise alters icrobiota position and creases n-butyrate ncentration the rat cecu

[50] hsu，yj，j strength nd res（20 aug 2014）effect of testal icrobiota on exercise perforance ice

[51] crke，sf，gut（dec 2014）；63（12）：1913–20exercise and asciated dietary extreut icrobial diversity

[52] kubera，b，front neuroenertics（8 ar 2012）；4：4the bra’s supply and deand obesity

第三章　脂肪：总脂肪

[53] de nijs，t，crit rev cl b sci（nov 2013）；50（6）：163–71apob vers non-hdl-cholesterol：diagnosis and cardiovascur risk ent

[54] kaur，n，j food sci technol（oct 2014）；51（10）：2289–303essential fatty acids as functional ponents of foods，a review

[55] chowdhury，r，ann tern d（18 ，and supplent fatty acids with ronary risk：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[56] wurtz，p，circution（8 jan 2015）pii：114013116 and cardiovascur event risk：a prospective study of three poputionbased horts

[57] albert，bb，sci rep（21 jan 2015）；5：7928doi：101038/srep07928fish oil supplehly oxidised and do not et bel ntent of n-3 pufa

[58] ack，j a oil che c（1989）；66：1162–64epa and dha ntents of encapsuted f sh oil products

[59] oppera-3 fatty acid ntent of uth african fish oil supplents

[60] ional，and national nsuption levels of dietary fats and oils 1990 and 2010：a syste 266 untry-specific nutrition surveys

[61] capbell，tc，a j cardiol（26 nov 1998）；82（10b）：18t–21tdiet，lifestyle，and the etiology of ronary artery disease：the rnell cha study

[62] capbell，tc，the cha study（benbel books，2006）

第四章　脂肪：饱和脂肪

[63] w，，bj（1999）；318：1471–80why heart disease expnation

[64] bertrand，x，j appl icrobiol（apr 2007）；102（4）：1052-9effect of cheese nsuence of antiicrobial resistance the testal icroflora duced by a short urse of aoxicill-cvunic acid

[65] https：//youtube/watch？v=134aoqwyhy

[66] david，la，nature（23 jan 2014）；505（7484）：559–63

[67] teicholz，n，the big fat surprise（sion&schter，2014）

[68] goldacre，b，b4745ass treatnt with stats

[69] harborne，z，open heart（2015）；2：doi：101136/openhrt-2014-000196evidence fro randoised ntrolled trials did not support the troduction of dietary fat guideles 1977 and 1983：a systeatic review and ta-analysis

[70] siri-taro，pw，a j cl nutr（2010）；91：535–46 the asciation of saturated fat with cardiovascur disease

[71] hjerpsted，j，ae aounts lowers ldl-cholesterol ncentrations pared with butter take of eal fat ntent

[72] rice，bh，curr nutr rep（15 ar 2014）；3：130–38dairy and cardiovascur disease：a review of recent observational research

[73] tachazidou，i，nature un（2013）；4：2872a rare functional cardioprotective apoc3 variant has risen freency distct popution ites

[74] er，d，death by food pyraid（prial beprt，2013）

[75] chen，，a j cl nutr（oct 2012）；96（4）：735–47effects of dairy take on body weight and fat：a ta-analysis of randoized ntrolled trials

[76] onzalez，urt nsuht/obesity：the sun hort

[77] jaces，p，aht ent

[78] kano，h，j dairy sci（2013）；96：3525–34oral adaric oll1073r-1 suppresses f terleuk-6 responses a ure odel of aic deratitis

[79] danean，n，ncet（12 oct 2013）；382（9900）：1228–30 a probiotic trial：tippg the bance of evidence？

[80] guo，z，nutr tab cardiovasc dis（2011）；21：844–50fence of nsuption of probiotics on the psa lipid profile：a ta-analysis of randoised ntrolled trials

[81] jones， efficacy of a icroencapsuted bile salt hydrose-active ctobacils reuteri ncihurt forution hypercholesteroeic adults

[82] jones， and hibition of sterol abrption by ctobacils reuteri ncib 30242：a randoized ntrolled trial

[83] urt，livg cultures，and gut health

[84] ulty，np，sci transl d（26 oct 2011）；3：106the iut otic s

[85] goodrich，jk，cell（6 nov 2014）；159（4）：789–99huut icrobio

[86] roederer，eic architecture of the huan iune syste（cell，2015）

[87] saulnier，dut icrobes（jan–feb 2013）；4（1）：17–27the testal y

[88] de palut-bra axis functional gastrotestal dirders

[89] sachdev，ah，curr gastroenterol rep（oct 2012）；14（5）：439–45antibiotics for irritable bowel syndro

[90] ide n24

[91] tillisch，k，gastroenterology（jun 2013）；144（7）：1394–401nsuption of fernted ilk product with probiotic odutes bra activity

[92] tillisch，k，gut ut icrobiota on s function huans

第五章　脂肪：不饱和脂肪

[93] the rhy uld al rete to the unpopur taxes they raised，or even to an earlier dispute beeen kg richard and his brother john

[94] daniel，cr，public health nutr（apr 2011）；14（4）：575–83trends at nsuption the united states

[95] http：//eblexuk/p-ntent/uploads/2014/02/_uk_yearbook13_cattle110713pdf

[96] icha，r，lipids（oct 2010）；45（10）：893–905saturated fat and cardiotabolic risk factors，ronary heart disease，stroke，and diabetes：a fresh look at the evidence

[97] siri-taro，pw，a j cl nutr（2010）；91：535–46 the asciation of saturated fat with cardiovascur disease

[98] price，wa，nutrition and physical deneration，6th edn（ er nutritional foundation，2003）

[99] willett，wc，a j cl nutr（jun 1995）；61（6 suppl）：1402s–6s

[100] estruch，r，n engl j d（4 apr 2013）；368（14）：1279–90priary prevention of cardiovascur disease with a diterranean diet

[101] sas-salvado，j，ann tern d（7 jan 2014）；160（1）：1–10prevention of diabetes with roup analysis of a randoized trial

[102] guasch-ferré，，bc d（2014）；12：78olive oil take and risk of cardiovascur disease and ortality the predid study

[103] konstantidou，v，faseb j（jul 2010）；24（7）：2546–57 vivo nutrino olive oil polyphenols with the fra of the diterranean diet：a randoized ntrolled trial

[104] nter，bb，bio（2014）；5（3）：e01206–14bacteria present carotid arterial pes are found as biofil deposits which ay ntribute to enhanced risk of pe rupture

[105] vallverdu-eralt，a，food che（15 dec 2013）；141（4）：3365–72bioactive pounds present the diterranean frito

第六章　反式脂肪

[106] https：//youtube/watch？v=zrv78ng9r04

[107] ，h，ncet（8 jun 2013）；381（9882）：2044–53food supply and food safety issues cha

[108] l j d（2006）；354：1601–13trans fatty acids and cardiovascur disease

[109] kris-etherton，p，lipids（oct 2012）；47（10）：931–40trans fatty acid takes and food urces the uspopution：nhanes 1999–2002

[110] toenated oils and fats：the presence of cheically-odified fatty acids huan adipose tissue

[111] iqbal，p，pak j d sci（jan 2014）；30（1）：194–7trans fatty acids–a risk factor for cardiovascur disease

[112] kisho，s，proc natl acad sci（29 oct 2013）；110（44）：17808–13polsaturated fatty acid saturation by gut ctic acid bacteria affectg host lipid position

[113] pacif，l，world j gastroenterol（21 jul 2014）；20（27）：9055–71nonalholic fatty liver disease and the heart children and adolescents

[114] es diet and lifestyle and long-tera won and n

[115] http：//dailyer-14-years-looks-exactly-the-day-flipped-utahhtl

[116] iants hooked （wh allen，2013）

[117] johnn，p，nat neurosci（ay 2010）；13（5）：635–41dopae d2 receptors addiction-like reward dysfunction and pulsive eatg obese rats

[118] avena，nar and fat bg：retionship to food addiction and creased body weight

[119] taylor，vh，aj（9 ar 2010）；182（4）：327–8the obesity epideic：the role of addiction

[120] bayol，sa，br j nutr（oct 2007）；98（4）：843–51a nancy and ctation proreater propensity for obesity rat offsprg

[121] david，la，nature（23 jan 2014）；505（7484）：559–61diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the huut icrobio

[122] poutahidis，t，plos one（jul 2013）；10；8（7）：e68596 hibits western diet-asciated obesity

[123] ut（jan 2014）；63（1）：116–24western diet duces dysbiosis with creased e li ceabac10 aiec lonisation

[124] huh，jy，ol cells（ay 2014）；37（5）：365–71crosstalk beeen adipocytes and iution obesity

[125] wang，j，is probiotic-h-fat-diet-fed ice

[126] x，aj，ncet diabetes endocrol（jul 2014）；21pii：s2213–8587obesity，fut icrobiota

[127] raz，，j endocrol（8 jul 2014）；pii：joe-14-0283the role of adipose tissue irade fation

[128] kong，lc，plos one（oct 2014）；20；9（10）：e109434dietary patterns differently asciate with fht and obese subjects

[129] ridaura，vk，science（6 sep 2013）；341（6150）：1241214gut icrobiota fro s disrdant for obesity odute tabolis ice

[130] goodrich，jk，cell（nov 2014）；159（4）：789–99huut icrobio

[131] fei，n，isen ited froer-free ice

[132] backhed，f，proc natl acad sci a（2004）；101：15718–15723the gut utes fat stora

[133] backhed，f，proc natl acad sci a（2007）；104：979–84 the resistance to diet-duced obesity r-free ice

[134] http：//youtube/watch？v=gzl0frkqjk8

[135] xiao，s，feeted dietary tervention for a tabolic syndro

[136] zhou，h，dongj dynasty（tianj science&technology press，2000）

[137] zhang，x，plos one（2012）；7（8）：e42529structural chans of gut berbere-h-fat diet-fed rats

[138] http：//science/ntent/342/6162/1035

[139] alck，j，bioessays（8 aug 2014）；doi：101002/bies201400071is eatg behavior astrotestal icrobiota？evotionary pressures and potential chaniss

[140] vijay-kuar，，science（9 apr 2010）；328（5975）：228–31 toll-like receptor 5

[141] sh，sc，science（2011）；334（6056）：670–4drophi icrobio odutes host develop

[142] trearoli，v，nature（13 sep 2012）；489（7415）：242–9functional teractions beeen the gut icrobiota and host tabolis

第七章　蛋白质：动物蛋白

[143] diaers and steel（norton，1997）

[144] atks，r，the diet revotion（banta books，1981）

[145] bueno，nb，br j nutr（oct 2013）；110（7）：1178–87very-low-carbohydrate ketonic diet vlow-fat diet for long-terht loss：a ta-analysis of randoised ntrolled trials

[146] paoli，a，t j environ res public health（19 feb 2014）；11（2）：2092–107ketonic diet for obesity：friend or foe？

[147] douketis，jd，t j obes（2005）；29（10）：1153–67systeht loss studies obese adults：clical signifcance andapplicability to clical practice

[148] ebbelg，cb，jaa（27 jun 2012）；307（24）：2627–34effects of dietary position on energy expenditure durg weight-loss atenance

[149] ibid

[150] ellenbroek，jh，a-terse tolerance and reduced beta and alpha cell ht loss ice

[151] tilrd，a，nature（29 aug 2013）；500（7464）：585–8dietary tervention iene richness

[152] le chatelier，e，nature（29 aug 2013）；500（7464）：541–6richness of huut icrobio rretes with tabolic arkers

[153] q，j，nature（4 oct 2012）；490（7418）：55–60a ut icrobiota type 2 diabetes

[154] fraser，ge，arch tern d（2001）；161：1645–52ten years of life：is it a atter of choice？

[155] le，lt，nutrients（27 ay 2014）；6（6）：2131–47beyond s fro the adventist horts

[156] boog reduces the fence of ic factors on dishibition：evidence for teraction beeen notype and environnt on pernality

[157] key，tj，aetarians：results froation to cancer and nutrition（epic oxford）

[158] key，tj，a j cl nutr（jun 2014）；100（suppleetarians

[159] http：//crossftanaerobicc/paleo-nutrition/list-of-foods/

[160] hidalgo，g，a j hu biol（10 sep 2014）；26（5）：710–12the nutrition transition the venezuen aht and obesity with transculturation

[161] schnorr，sl，nat ut atherers

[162] do，pernal unication

[163] pan，a，arch tern d（9 apr 2012）；172（7）：555–63red at nsuption and ortality：results fro 2 prospective hort studies

[164] rohrann，s，bc d（7 ar 2013）；11：63doi：101186/1741-7015-11-6at nsuption and ation to cancer and nutrition

[165] lee，je，a j cl nutr（oct 2013）；98（4）：1032–41at take and cae-specific ortality：a pooled analysis of asian prospective hort studies

[166] tang，，n engl j d（25 apr 2013）；368（17）：1575–84testal icrobial tabolis of phosphatidylchole and cardiovascur risk

[167] brown，janisal nutrient tabolis as a basis of cardiovascur disease

[168] koal，s，circ cardiovasc al outes（2012）；5：808–18oa-3 fatty acids and cardiovascur outes：systeatic review and ta-analysis

[169] ozaffarian，d，jaa（2006）；296（15）：1885–99fish take，nta the risks and the benefits

[170] jo，es fsh nsuption idlife and the risk of ronary heart disease n and won

[171] http：//dailyood-true-dietdrk-acts-like-gastric-band-help-people-lose-stone-ci-scientistshtl

[172] kariian，j，j res d sci（oct 2011）；16（10）：1347–53supplent nsuption bodybuilder athletes

[173] o’dea，k，diabetes（1984）；33：596–603arked iprovent carbohydrate and lipid es after teporary reversion to traditional lifestyle

[174] http：//theguardian/lifeandstyle/2013/ay/12/type-2-diabetesdiet-cure

[175] look ahead research group，n engl j d（2013）；369：145–54cardiovascur effects of tensive lifestyle tervention type 2 diabetes

[176] fran，ht loss and rega retion to diabetes burden and cardiovascur ortality cuba 1980–2010

[177] 1964）；4：289–312cardiovascur disease the asai

第八章　蛋白质：非动物蛋白

[178] frankenfeld，cl，a j cl nutr（nificant rrete of urary eol ncentration a representative saple of adults

[179] fritz，h，plos one（28 nov 2013）；8（11）：e81968y，red clover and ifvones，and breast cancer：a systeatic review

[180] research on eol and cancer

[181] ni，nitive function：a review

[182] spector，td，ncet（1982）ffee，ya and cancer of the pancreas（letter）

[183] tsuchihashi，r，j nat d（oct 2008）；62（4）：456–60icrobial tabolis of y ifvones by huan testal bacterial stras

[184] renouf，，j nutr（jun 2011）；141（6）：1120–6bacteroides uniforradation of the ifvone niste huan feces

[185] pudenz，，nutrients（15 oct 2014）；6（10）：4218–72ieno cancer prevention

[186] heheann，jh，nature（8 apr 2010）；464（7290）：908–12transfer of carbohydrate-active enzyut icrobiota

[187] crisp，a，no biol（13 ar 2015）；16（1）：50expression of enes is a hallenos

[188] cantarel，bl，plos one（2012）；7（6）：e28742plex carbohydrate utilization by the healthy huan icrobio

[189] ，jate suppleution and tabolic risk factors：evidence fro anial and huan studies

[190] brown，es，nutr rev（ar 2014）；72（3）：205–16seaweed and huan health

[191] heheann，jh，proc natl acad sci（27 nov 2012）；109（48）：19786–91bacteria of the hulycans with carbohydrate-active enzy updates fro extrsic icrobes

[192] pirotta，，bj（4 sep 2004）；329（7465）：548effect of ctobacils preventg post-antibiotic vulvovagal candidiasis：a randoised ntrolled trial

[193] dey，b，curr hiv res（oct 2013）；11（7）：576–94prote-based hiv-1 icrobicides

[194] wang，j，j nutr（jan 2014）；144（1）：98–105dietary supplents the protective iune response to salonel vae ice

[195] varshney，j，j nutr（apr 2013）；143（4）：526–32white button hroos crease icrobial diversity and aelerate the retion of citrobacter rodentiu fection ice

第九章　蛋白质：乳制品

[196] capbell，tc，a j cardiol（26 nov 1998）；82（10b）：18t–21tdiet，lifestyle，and the etiology of ronary artery disease：the rnell cha study

[197] er，d，dairy nsuption rural cha；http：//rawfoods/2010/07/07/the-cha-study-fact-or-falc/

[198] adani，s，nutrition（（case and highly purif ed ybean prote）affect hepatic stora，psa lipid transport，and antioxidative defense stat the rat

[199] brw，h，environ rowth and disease：a short history of ctose

[200] savaiano，da，aestion frourt：chanis and relevance

[201] tishkoff，sa，nat （2007）；39：31–40nvernt adaptation of huan ctase persistence africa and europe

[202] spector，t，identically different（weidenfeld&niln，2012）

[203] igley，l，fes icrobiol rev（sep 2013）；37（5）：664–98the plex icrobiota of raw ilk

[204] bailey，rk，j natl d asc（sur 2013）；105（2）：112–27ctose tolerance and health disparities a african aricans and hispanic aricans：an updated nsens statent

[205] suchy，fj，nih nsens state sci statents（24 feb 2010）；27（2）：1–27nih nsens developnt nference statent：ctose tolerance and health

[206] petschow，b，ann ny acad sci（dec 2013）；1306：1–17probiotics，prebiotics，and the host icrobio：the science of transtion

[207] prentice，a，a j cl nutr（lobal public health

[208] silventoen，k， res（oct 2003）；6（5）：399–408heritability of adult body height：a parative study of horts eight untries

[209] wood，ar，nat （5 oct 2014）；doi：101038/ng3097defng the role of ical architecture of adult huht

[210] floud，r，the changg body：new approaches to enoe university press，2011）

[211] http：//ersdagov/dia/1118789/err149pdf

[212] igley，l，j dairy sci（aug 2013）；96（8）：4928–37the icrobial ntent of raw and pasteurized w’s ilk as detered by olecur approaches

[213] pottenr，fer nutrition，1995）

[214] scher，ju，elife（nov 2013）；5；2：e01202expansion of testal prevotel pri rretes with enhanced sceptibility to arthritis

第十章　碳水化合物：糖类

[215] http：//telegraphuk/neorldnews/europe/hernds/10314705/sugar-is-addictive-and-the-of-the-tishtl

[216] locke，ae，nature（12 feb 2015）；518（7538）：197-206ic studies of body y

[217] qi，q，n engl j es and ic risk of obesity

[218] keskitalo，k，a estionnaire，body ass dex，and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods：a study of ic and environntal asciations